Pasado Perfecto (Past Perfect Tense)
El Pasado Perfecto en el idioma inglés es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para referirnos a una acción que tuvo lugar en un momento anterior a otra acción, aunque ambas hayan sucedido en el pasado estableciendo un orden entre ellas, por ejemplo:
Para poder construir la forma afirmativa del Pasado Perfecto debemos utilizar como auxiliar el verbo TO HAVE en Pasado Simple y acompañado por el verbo principal en su Pasado Participio (ya sean verbos regulares o verbos irregulares):
Para formar una interrogación deberemos colocar el auxiliar al comienzo de la oración, luego el sujeto y posteriormente el verbo principal también en Pasado Participio:
Por su parte, la forma negativa se construye poniendo la negación NOTentre el auxiliar y el verbo principal, por ejemplo:
También puede utilizarse la forma contraída de la negación colocandoHADN'T en vez de HAD NOT.
The film had finished when she arrived at the cinema.
La película había terminado cuando ella llegó al cine.
(Primera acción: la película había terminado
Segunda acción: ella llegó al cine)
Sarah had prepared dinner when her husband got home.
Sarah había preparado la cena cuando su esposo llegó a casa.
(Primera acción: Sarah había preparado la cena
Segunda acción: su esposo llegó a casa)
La película había terminado cuando ella llegó al cine.
(Primera acción: la película había terminado
Segunda acción: ella llegó al cine)
Sarah had prepared dinner when her husband got home.
Sarah había preparado la cena cuando su esposo llegó a casa.
(Primera acción: Sarah había preparado la cena
Segunda acción: su esposo llegó a casa)
Para poder construir la forma afirmativa del Pasado Perfecto debemos utilizar como auxiliar el verbo TO HAVE en Pasado Simple y acompañado por el verbo principal en su Pasado Participio (ya sean verbos regulares o verbos irregulares):
I had bought a new car. | Yo había comprado un nuevo auto. |
You had cleaned the house. | Tú habías limpiado la casa. |
He had brought the gifts. | Él había traído los regalos. |
She had lost the credit card. | Ella había perdido la tarjeta de crédito. |
Para formar una interrogación deberemos colocar el auxiliar al comienzo de la oración, luego el sujeto y posteriormente el verbo principal también en Pasado Participio:
Had I bought a new car? | Había comprado yo un nuevo auto? |
Had you cleaned the house? | Habías limpiado tú la casa? |
Had he brought the gifts? | Había traído él los regalos? |
Had she lost the credit card? | Había perdido ella la tarjeta de crédito? |
I had not bought a new dress. | Yo no había comprado un nuevo vestido. |
You had not cleaned the house. | Tú no habías limpiado la casa. |
He had not brought the gifts. | Él no había traído los regalos. |
She had not lost the credit card. | Ella no había perdido la tarjeta de crédito. |
Ejercicios: Pasado Perfecto (Past Perfect Tense)
Sigue ejercitando el Pasado Perfecto colocando en las siguientes oraciones la forma correcta del verbo que se encuentra entre paréntesis. Es importante que luego las reescribas en interrogativo y negativo:
Presente Continuo
El presente progresivo se utiliza para acontecimientos que están ocurriendo en o en torno a este momento particular en el tiempo, o para indicar que algo es temporal, o para hablar de situaciones que van cambiando, y también para hablar sobre planes en el futuro.
La estructura básica del afirmativo del presente continuo: (somebody=alguien; somewhere-algún sitio; something=algo)
suj
|
aux
|
verbo
| |||
I
|
am
|
eating
|
something.
|
Estoy comiendo algo.
| |
You
|
are
|
talking
|
to somebody.
|
Estas hablando con alguien.
| |
He
|
is
|
listening
|
to something.
|
Está escuchando algo. (él)
| |
She
|
is
|
reading
|
something.
|
Está leyendo algo. (ella)
| |
It
|
is
|
going
|
somewhere.
|
Va a algún sitio.
| |
You
|
are
|
looking
|
at something.
|
Mirais algo.
| |
We
|
are
|
wearing
|
something.
|
Llevamos algo puesto.
| |
They
|
are
|
sitting
|
somewhere.
|
Están sentados en algún sitio.
|
Nota: Normalmente, simplemente se añade "ing" al verbo para formar el verbo principal (Llamado "presente participio" por unos y forma "-ing" por otros). En los verbos de una sola sílaba que acaban en una vocal y una consonante, se dobla la consonante: "sit" = "sitting". En los verbos que acaban en una vocal, una consonante y "e", se quita la "e" y se reemplaza con "ing": "write" = "writing", "rate" = "rating", "like" = "liking".
La estructura básica del negativo del presente continuo:
suj
|
aux
|
verbo
| |||
I
|
am
|
not
|
eating
|
something.
|
No estoy comiendo algo.
|
You
|
are
|
not
|
talking
|
to somebody.
|
No estas hablando con alguien.
|
He
|
is
|
not
|
listening
|
to something.
|
No está escuchando algo. (él)
|
She
|
is
|
not
|
reading
|
something.
|
No está leyendo algo. (ella)
|
It
|
is
|
not
|
going
|
somewhere.
|
No va a algún sitio.
|
You
|
are
|
not
|
looking
|
at something.
|
No mirais algo.
|
We
|
are
|
not
|
wearing
|
something.
|
No llevamos algo puesto.
|
They
|
are
|
not
|
sitting
|
somewhere.
|
No están sentados en algún sitio.
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Nota: Contracciones: Se suele contraer "It is" con "it's", "it is not" con "it's not" o "it isn't", "you are" con "you're", "we are not" con "we're not" o "we aren't", "that is" con "that's", "that is not" con "that's not" o "that isn't", etc. (Nota: "I am not" solamente se contrae con "I'm not").
aux
|
suj
|
verbo
| |||
Am
|
I
|
eating
|
something?
|
¿Estoy comiendo algo?
| |
Are
|
you
|
talking
|
to somebody?
|
¿Estas hablando con alguien?
| |
Is
|
he
|
listening
|
to something?
|
¿Está escuchando algo? (él)
| |
Is
|
she
|
reading
|
something?
|
¿Está leyendo algo? (ella)
| |
Is
|
it
|
going
|
somewhere?
|
¿Va a algún sitio?
| |
Are
|
you
|
looking
|
at something?
|
¿Mirais algo?
| |
Are
|
we
|
wearing
|
something?
|
¿Llevamos algo puesto?
| |
Are
|
they
|
sitting
|
somewhere?
|
¿Están sentados en algún sitio?
|
Nota: La palabra "some" y "any" a veces significan lo mismo. La principal diferencia es que "some" se suele utilizar para afirmativas y "any" para negativas y interrogativas.
Nota: En el presente continuo interrogativo simplemente se intercambia el verbo "to be" con el sujeto para hacer la pregunta.
Nota: En el presente continuo interrogativo simplemente se intercambia el verbo "to be" con el sujeto para hacer la pregunta.
Af.
|
Neg.
| ||||||
Yes,
|
I am.
|
No,
|
I'm not.
| ||||
Yes,
|
you are.
|
No,
|
you aren't. (you're not)
| ||||
Yes,
|
he is.
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No,
|
he isn't. (he's not)
| ||||
Yes,
|
she is.
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No,
|
she isn't. (she's not)
| ||||
Yes,
|
it is.
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No,
|
it isn't. (it's not)
| ||||
Yes,
|
we are.
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No,
|
we aren't. (we're not)
| ||||
Yes,
|
you are.
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No,
|
you aren't. (you're not)
| ||||
Yes,
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they are.
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No,
|
they aren't. (they're not)
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Ejercicios de presente continuo – Present Continuous tense Exercices
Using the Present Continuous tense, fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs shown in brackets. For example:
He _________ hard. (to work)
He is working hard.
He _________ hard. (to work)
He is working hard.
We ____________ anxious. (to feel)
We are feeling anxious.
We are feeling anxious.
1. I _______________ the questions. (to answer)
2. You ________________ boots. (to wear)
3. We ______________ for work. (to look)
4. She ______________ her friend. (to call)
5. He _______________ a house. (to build)
6. They _______________ supper. (to cook)
7. We ______________ a story. (to tell)
8. You ______________ for the bus. (to wait)
9. I _______________ a book. (to read)
10. They _______________ berries. (to pick)
Answers
Iregular Verbs List2. You ________________ boots. (to wear)
3. We ______________ for work. (to look)
4. She ______________ her friend. (to call)
5. He _______________ a house. (to build)
6. They _______________ supper. (to cook)
7. We ______________ a story. (to tell)
8. You ______________ for the bus. (to wait)
9. I _______________ a book. (to read)
10. They _______________ berries. (to pick)
Answers
Infinitive | Simple Past | Past Participle | Spanish |
arise | arose | arisen | surgir |
be | was / were | been | ser |
beat | beat | beaten | golpear |
become | became | become | convertirse |
begin
| began | begun |
comenzar
|
bet | bet/betted | bet/betted | apostar |
bite | bit | bitten | morder |
bleed | bled | bled | sangrar |
blow | blew | blown | soplar |
break | broke | broken | romper |
bring | brought | brought | traer |
build | built | built | construir |
buy | bought | bought | comprar |
catch | caught | caught | atrapar |
choose | chose | chosen | elegir |
come | came | come | venir |
cost | cost | cost | costar |
creep | crept | crept | arrastrarse |
cut
| cut | cut |
cortar
|
deal | dealt | dealt | dar, repartir |
do | did | done | hacer |
draw | drew | drawn | dibujar |
dream | dreamt/dreamed | dreamt/dreamed | soñar |
drink | drank | drunk | beber |
drive | drove | driven | conducir |
eat | ate | eaten | comer |
fall | fell | fallen | caer |
feed | fed | fed | alimentar |
feel | felt | felt | sentir |
fight | fought | fought | pelear |
find | found | found | encontrar |
flee | fled | fled | huir |
fly | flew | flown | volar |
forget | forgot | forgotten | olvidar |
forgive | forgave | forgiven | perdonar |
forsake | forsook | forsaken | abandonar |
freeze | froze | frozen | congelar |
get | got | got | tener, obtener |
give | gave | given | dar |
go | went | gone | ir |
grind | ground | ground | moler |
grow | grew | grown | crecer |
hang | hung | hung | colgar |
have | had | had | tener |
hear | heard | heard | oír |
hide | hid | hidden | esconderse |
hit | hit | hit | golpear |
hold | held | held | tener, mantener |
hurt | hurt | hurt | herir, doler |
keep | kept | kept | guardar |
kneel | knelt | knelt | arrodillarse |
know | knew | known | saber |
lead | led | led | encabezar |
learn | learnt/learned | learnt/learned | aprender |
leave | left | left | dejar |
lend | lent | lent | prestar |
let | let | let | dejar |
lie | lay | lain | yacer |
lose | lost | lost | perder |
make | made | made | hacer |
mean | meant | meant | significar |
meet | met | met | conocer, encontrar |
pay | paid | paid | pagar |
put | put | put | poner |
quit | quit/quitted | quit/quitted | abandonar |
read | read | read | leer |
ride | rode | ridden | montar, ir |
ring | rang | rung | llamar por teléfono |
rise | rose | risen | elevar |
run | ran | run | correr |
say | said | said | decir |
see | saw | seen | ver |
sell | sold | sold | vender |
send | sent | sent | enviar |
set | set | set | fijar |
sew | sewed | sewn/sewed | coser |
shake | shook | shaken | sacudir |
shine | shone | shone | brillar |
shoot | shot | shot | disparar |
show | showed | shown/showed | mostrar |
shrink | shrank/shrunk | shrunk | encoger |
shut | shut | shut | cerrar |
sing | sang | sung | cantar |
sink | sank | sunk | hundir |
sit | sat | sat | sentarse |
sleep | slept | slept | dormir |
slide | slid | slid | deslizar |
sow | sowed | sown/sowed | sembrar |
speak | spoke | spoken | hablar |
spell | spelt/spelled | spelt/spelled | deletrear |
spend | spent | spent | gastar |
spill | spilt/spilled | spilt/spilled | derramar |
split | split | split | partir |
spoil | spoilt/spoiled | spoilt/spoiled | estropear |
spread | spread | spread | extenderse |
stand | stood | stood | estar de pie |
steal | stole | stolen | robar |
sting | stung | stung | picar |
stink | stank/stunk | stunk | apestar |
strike | struck | struck | golpear |
swear | swore | sworn | jurar |
sweep | swept | swept | barrer |
swim | swam | swum | nadar |
take | took | taken | tomar |
teach | taught | taught | enseñar |
tear | tore | torn | romper |
tell | told | told | decir |
think | thought | thought | pensar |
throw | threw | thrown | lanzar |
tread | trode | trodden/trod | pisar |
understand | understood | understood | entender |
wake | woke | woken | despertarse |
wear | wore | worn | llevar puesto |
weave | wove | woven | tejer |
weep | wept | wept | llorar |
win | won | won | ganar |
wring | wrung | wrung | retorcer |
write | wrote | written | escribir |
Regular Verbs List
There are thousands of regular verbs in English. This is a list of 600 of the more common regular verbs. Note that there are some spelling variations in American English (for example, "practise" becomes "practice" in American English).
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1. The boy scouts of America is a youth program whose make objective is to prepare people to make ethical and responsible decisions in their future lives. Venturing is a program of the Boy scouts for men and women who are between 14 and 20 years old. The program offers a great variety of activities such as high adventure challenges, sports and hobbies. It gives opportunities to learn and grow in a fun environment. Trevor Benson works for this program and at the moment is planning three field trips for students who belong to the venturing group.
The first one is in the Florida Sea Base. In this base students practice a variety of water sports including snorkeling. Scuba, boating and beach camping among many others. The-second one, The Northern Tier, takes students to Minnesota and Southern Canada, There, teenagers have the opportunity for canoeing, rafting, fishing, and winter camping. Finally, the Boy Scouts of America has a third option for people who enjoy the New Mexico wilderness. This program takes students to the Philmont scout Ranch and offers teenagers activities such as cavalcades, horseback riding, rock climbing, mountain biking and rifle shouting
Underline the correct option. If false support your answer in your notebook
1. Venturing is a program that prepares young people to work. True False
2. Venturing is for people under 14 years old. True False
3. The three options mentioned above offer a variety of sports. True False
4. The second option takes students to the USA and Canada. True False
5. The last option takes students to Mexico. True False
2. Answer the questions in your notebook. Use complete sentences.
1. What does Trevor Benson do?
2. What do people do at the Philmont Ranch?
3. Which of the three options would you choose? Why?
1b
1. Listen to the first part of the conversation and complete the sentences.
Tricia and Greg are giving a report about scouting
Greg: Boy Scouting is a program for boys between 11 to 17 is designed to achieve the _______________ of Scouting through a vigorous outdoor program and group _____________ with the counsel of an adult Scoutmaster.
Tricia: the scouting program is divided into different groups according to age. Tiger Cubs is for boys who are 7 years old. The program ______________ leadership, learning, about community and family. The second program is the Cub Scouts. This program ____________ ethical decision making skills for boys from second to fifth grade. The activities ____________ character development, begin a citizen and personal fitness.
Listen to the second part and choose the correct answer.
1. The scouting program is divided into groups according to
a. Grade b. age c. a teacher’s opinion
2. Venturing is a program for people between
a. 11 to 17 years b. 14 to 20 years c. 17 to 17 years
3. Varsity program develops
a. Personal fitness b. leadership skills c. personal skills
1. Complete sentences with the appropriate form of the verb in parenthesis.
Laura ______ (work) at a travel agency. Every day she ________________ (wake up) very early, she _________________ (catch) the train and _____________ (get) to her office around 8:30 a.m. Laura and her boss, Thomas _____________ (spend) long hours working.
They both ___________ (attend) many customers, _______________ (make) several phone calls, ___________ (e-mail) messages and most important, _____________ (produce) a lot of money for the company. They both enjoy their jobs.
1c
1. Listen to the conversation and complete the sentences.
1. The person who is calling is. _______________________________________
2. They are talking about. ___________________________________________
3. The students are going to. _________________________________________
4. Parents don’t have to pay the full amount. They can pay by. ______________________________________________________________
5. The trip lasts. ___________________________________________________
2. Complete the questions with the words from the box.
(does - do - is - are)
1. ___________________ Gabriel García Márquez a writer?
2. ___________________ your friends take the bus to go to school?
3. Where _____________ your mother work?
4. When and where _________________ you do your homework?
5. ________________ people in your city taking part in politics?
3. Read each sentence, find a mistake and correct it.
1. Gabriel García Márquez doesn’t lives in Clombia. ____________________________
2. My friends doesn’t take the bus to go to school. ____________________________
3. Do your family eat dinner together? ____________________________
4. Is people in your city working from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.____________________________
sen@res disculpen la demora es que estuve muy ocupado. mil gracias por su espera.